Types of Possible Complications

Seroma or Haematoma

Haematoma:

• Blood collection after mastectomy or breast reconstruction.
• Causes tightness, pain, swelling, and bruising.
• The doctor may use a pressure bandage or surgical drainage for severe cases.
• Small haematomas may resolve naturally in 4-5 weeks.

Seroma:

• Fluid collection under the incision, leads to swelling or discomfort.
• Small seromas often resolve on their own.
• Large or bothersome ones may require aspiration with a small needle which is not painful.

Infection

Infection Risk

• Elevated risk post-operation, particularly for diabetics or those with weakened immune systems.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Redness, swelling, fever, chills, tenderness, or foul-smelling drainage.

Report Immediately

• Report symptoms quickly for evaluation and possible initiation of a 1-2 week antibiotic course.

Transient Lymphoedema

• Expected swelling after the operation.
• Naturally resolves as collateral circulation takes over (about a month).
• Not long-term lymphoedema.
• Gentle exercises and arm elevation help (e.g. making a fist and releasing).

Lymphoedema

• Results from surgery interrupting normal lymph fluid drainage.
• The rate of lymphedema after ANC is 15% and about 2% after SLNB. See a physio/lymphoedema specialist ASAP once they notice swelling/stiffness in their arm. Early treatment of lymphedema improves outcome.